C’est que l’école de l’art oratoire à la Française est très différent de l’Américaine. Ici nous adoptons volontiers les effets d’outrance, d’exagération, la dramatisation et l’excès, ou encore la petite phrase « qui tue ». Là-bas on adopte plus volontiers une parole qui tente de persuader avec méthode, qui essaye de fédérer autour de ses idées, on préfère exposer ses arguments de façon percutante que de ridiculiser l’adversaire, on enflamme l’auditoire autour des idées qu’on défend plutôt que de l’exciter contre ses adversaires.
Relire les discours de Lincoln. Un superbe exemple d’art du discours politique : la magnifique Déclaration de Gettysburg qui, en quelques lignes, sobrement mais avec une éloquence rare, chaque mot précisément choisi et pas un de trop, rappelle les principes fondateurs des États-Unis d’Amérique dans le contexte de la Guerre de Sécession (dont Gettysburg fut une des batailles les plus meurtrières), s’incline devant le sacrifice des combattants, exalte les principes qui soutiennent la lourde tâche en cours et appelle à terminer le combat pour la Liberté.
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.
The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.